Development of interactive E-Modules on entrepreneurship based on augmented reality for students of SMKN 6 Medan
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Abstract
Entrepreneurship education in vocational high schools (SMK) is often dominated by conventional methods that make students passive and less able to connect theory with practice, especially on abstract topics such as franchising. This study aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based entrepreneurship e-Module that is interactive, contextual, and oriented toward vocational learning. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), the study involved 100 grade XI students at SMK Negeri 6 Medan. Data were collected through expert validation, questionnaires, observations, interviews, and pre- and post-tests. The validation results placed the e-Module in the highly valid category (>80%), while the N-gain test showed a significant increase in the experimental class (0.83; high category) compared to the control class (0.32; low category). The t-test also confirmed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups. In addition, observations indicated improvements in student motivation, engagement, and understanding, as well as greater ease for teachers in delivering abstract material. These findings demonstrate that AR integration in entrepreneurship e-Modules can effectively bridge theory and practice, enhance learning quality in vocational schools, and support the achievement of SDG 4 on quality education.
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Tarigan, H. E. S. br ., Manullang, J., Ginting, B. br ., & Situmorang, J. . (2025). Development of interactive E-Modules on entrepreneurship based on augmented reality for students of SMKN 6 Medan. Journal of Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS), 8(3), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.35335/idss.v8i3.313
References
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Riniati, W. O., Jiao, D., & Rahmi, S. N. (2024). Application of augmented reality-based educational technology to increase student engagement in elementary schools. International Journal of Educatio Elementaria and Psychologia, 1(6), 305–318.
Rusdi, M., Sirajuddin, H., & Alfah, R. (2022). Implementation of the Addie Model (Analysis, Design, Development, implementation, evaluation) in php-based E-Learning in the era of pandemic. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM), 7(1), 49–56.
Said Ahmad, M. I., Idrus, M. I., & Rijal, S. (2023). The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Spirit in the Young Generation. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.28
Saykılı, A. (2019). Higher education in the digital age: The impact of digital connective technologies. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2(1), 1–15.
Triyono, A., Nuary, R. H., Permatasari, N., Yuni, Y., & Wibowo, T. (2024). The level of effectiveness of tps and conventional methods judging from students’ geometry learning results using the N-Gain Test. AlphaMath: Journal of Mathematics Education, 142–156.
Widyastuti, E. (2019). Using the ADDIE model to develop learning material for actuarial mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1188(1), 12052.
Zaina, L. A. M., & Álvaro, A. (2015). A design methodology for user-centered innovation in the software development area. Journal of Systems and Software, 110, 155–177.
Zou, D., Jong, M. S.-Y., Huang, X., Cheng, G., Hwang, G.-J., & Jiang, M. Y.-C. (2024). A systematic review of SVVR in language education in terms of the ADDIE model. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(10), 6672–6697.
Adedeji, S. B., Rahman, M. M., Abdul, M. B., Ghani, M. F. B. A., Uddin, M. J., & Rahaman, M. S. (2020). Innovative Teaching Methods and Entrepreneurship Education: a Synthesised Literature Review. Educational Administration Research and Review, 2(1), 1807–1813. https://doi.org/10.17509/earr.v2i1.21713
Adeyemi, S. O. (2021). School of Postgraduate Studies (Spgs) Effect of Entrepreneurial Development on Job Creation Among Undergraduate Students in Selected Universities in Ogun State, Nigeria. Kwara State University (Nigeria).
Al-Gindy, A., Felix, C., Ahmed, A., Matoug, A., & Alkhidir, M. (2020). Virtual reality: Development of an integrated learning environment for education. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(3), 171–175.
Alam Rizvi, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., Ahmed, Q. N., & Ali, M. (2023). Being and becoming an entrepreneur: A narrative study on the development of entrepreneurial mindset in Pakistan. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 11(2), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2023.110209
Amalia, R. T., & von Korflesch, H. F. O. (2021). Entrepreneurship education in Indonesian higher education: mapping literature from the Country’s perspective. Entrepreneurship Education, 4(3), 291–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00053-9
Bao, L. (2006). Theoretical comparisons of average normalized gain calculations. American Journal of Physics, 74(10), 917–922.
Bergfeld, A., Lutz, E., & Scheck, B. (2020). Social franchising: A transitional solution for organisational growth of social entrepreneurial organisations? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 12(1), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2020.105136
Chen, L., Ifenthaler, D., & Yau, J. Y.-K. (2021). Online and blended entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of applied educational technologies. Entrepreneurship Education, 4(2), 191–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00047-7
Chiesa, V., & Frattini, F. (2009). Evaluation and performance measurement of research and development: techniques and perspectives for multi-level analysis. In Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Research and Development. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dineva, S., Nedeva, V., & Ducheva, Z. (2019). Digital generation and visualization in E-learning. Proceedings of the 14Th International Conference on Virtual Learning, Icvl, 183–189.
Ennis, R. H. (1985). A logical basis for measuring critical thinking skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 44–48.
Farshid, M., Paschen, J., Eriksson, T., & Kietzmann, J. (2018). Go boldly!: Explore augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR) for business. Business Horizons, 61(5), 657–663.
Hernandez-de-Menendez, M., Escobar Díaz, C. A., & Morales-Menendez, R. (2020). Educational experiences with Generation Z. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 14(3), 847–859.
Indriani, M., & Astuti, B. (2023). Development of E-Module Problem Based Learning Using Expert Validation. Proceedings of the International Seminar on Delivering Transpersonal Guidance and Counselling Services in School (ISDTGCSS 2022), 743, 150.
Jahromi, G. S., & Ghazinoory, S. (2024). From Superman to Garfield: Four scenarios regarding the effects of industry 4.0 on animation companies. Technology in Society, 77, 102511.
Kerssens‐van Drongelen, I. C., & Cooke, A. (1997). Design principles for the development of measurement systems for research and development processes. R&D Management, 27(4), 345–357.
Lotulung, C. F., Ibrahim, N., & Tumurang, H. (2018). Effectiveness of Learning Method Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) for Increasing Learning Outcomes of Entrepreneurship Education. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 17(3), 37–46.
Lynch, M., Kamovich, U., Longva, K. K., & Steinert, M. (2021). Combining technology and entrepreneurial education through design thinking: Students’ reflections on the learning process. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 164, 119689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.06.015
Mahmudin, T. (2023). The Importance of Entrepreneurship Education in Preparing the Young Generation to Face Global Economic Challenges. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(3), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i3.78
Martatiyana, D. R., Usman, H., & Lestari, H. D. (2023). Application of the ADDIE model in designing digital teaching materials. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran Guru Sekolah Dasar (JPPGuseda), 6(1), 105–109.
Rahman, S., Muarofah, U., Sodiq, A., Suparto, S., & Suwendi, S. (2024). Developing Students’ Life Skills Through Entrepreneurship and Agropreneurship Education at Al-Itqan Islamic Boarding School, Depok. Journal of Learning Improvement and Lesson Study, 4(1), 9–24. https://doi.org/10.24036/jlils.v4i1.80
Riniati, W. O., Jiao, D., & Rahmi, S. N. (2024). Application of augmented reality-based educational technology to increase student engagement in elementary schools. International Journal of Educatio Elementaria and Psychologia, 1(6), 305–318.
Rusdi, M., Sirajuddin, H., & Alfah, R. (2022). Implementation of the Addie Model (Analysis, Design, Development, implementation, evaluation) in php-based E-Learning in the era of pandemic. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (JTIULM), 7(1), 49–56.
Said Ahmad, M. I., Idrus, M. I., & Rijal, S. (2023). The Role of Education in Fostering Entrepreneurial Spirit in the Young Generation. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.61100/adman.v1i2.28
Saykılı, A. (2019). Higher education in the digital age: The impact of digital connective technologies. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2(1), 1–15.
Triyono, A., Nuary, R. H., Permatasari, N., Yuni, Y., & Wibowo, T. (2024). The level of effectiveness of tps and conventional methods judging from students’ geometry learning results using the N-Gain Test. AlphaMath: Journal of Mathematics Education, 142–156.
Widyastuti, E. (2019). Using the ADDIE model to develop learning material for actuarial mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1188(1), 12052.
Zaina, L. A. M., & Álvaro, A. (2015). A design methodology for user-centered innovation in the software development area. Journal of Systems and Software, 110, 155–177.
Zou, D., Jong, M. S.-Y., Huang, X., Cheng, G., Hwang, G.-J., & Jiang, M. Y.-C. (2024). A systematic review of SVVR in language education in terms of the ADDIE model. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(10), 6672–6697.
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